what does the bible say?
The Latin abbreviation INRI originates from Pilate's inscription on Jesus' cross, reading "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews" (John 19:19). In Latin, it would be "Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum," which leads to the abbreviation INRI. Contrary to popular belief, the full phrase, not an abbreviation, was written out as a statement and accusation (John 19:21–22; Matthew 27:37; Mark 15:26). In fact, the inscription was written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek (John 19:20). This inscription affirmed Jesus' identity as the King of the Jews while foreshadowing His ultimate reign as King over all. Revelation 1:5 portrays Jesus as the ruler of kings on earth, emphasizing His future role as the sovereign King of kings and Lord of lords (Revelation 19:11–16). Believers are called to live for God’s kingdom values, preparing for Jesus' second coming when every knee will bow and confess His sovereignty (Philippians 2:10–11).