What does James 4:14 mean that life is a vapor?

from the old testament

• Job said, “We are but of yesterday and know nothing, for our days on earth are a shadow” (Job 8:9). A shadow has no substance. Life is so short that it is like a shadow.
• Moses prayed, “Teach us to number our days that we may get a heart of wisdom” (Psalm 90:12). He recognized that consciously remembering that our lives are short will help us to live wisely. When we realize that we may not be alive 24 hours from now, it should encourage us to live purposefully and righteously while we can.
• Isaiah wrote, “All flesh is grass, and all its beauty is like the flower of the field. The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will stand forever” (Isaiah 40:6–8). Everything earthly—human strength, beauty, and success—fades away. Think of the wealthiest man or the most beautiful woman living today. History has been littered with other such rich men and beautiful women who are now dead and forgotten. This is what Isaiah meant. Men and women are like grass that live for a little while and then die. Only God’s word is eternal and never fades.
• Another psalmist said, “My days pass away like smoke …. My days are like an evening shadow; I wither away like grass” (Psalm 102:3, 11). His lament reveals how quickly pain, frailty, and time can erode even the strongest life. However, he finds comfort that “you, O Lord, are enthroned forever; you are remembered throughout all generations” (Psalm 102:12). God’s unchanging nature is the only eternal source of hope that we have.

from the new testament

• James wrote, “You do not know what tomorrow will bring. What is your life? For you are a vapor that appears for a little time and then vanishes” (James 4:14). He was reminding his readers that life is short and uncertain. A vapor does not control where it goes or how long it lasts. Likewise, men and women do not really control their lives. God gives each day, and none can add even one moment beyond what He allows. James was teaching that life is brief and uncertain, lasting only as long as God allows. His use of “vapor” alludes to other passages that also talk about how transitory life is.
• James 4:14 comes after James described people who were making confident plans for the future: “Today or tomorrow we will go into such and such a town and spend a year there and trade and make a profit” (James 4:13). He was not saying it is wrong to plan or work toward goals. The problem was their attitude—their assumption that tomorrow is guaranteed. James wanted them to remember that every plan depends on God’s permission.
• He continued, “Instead you ought to say, ‘If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that’” (James 4:15). He was not meaning for us to tack “if the Lord wills” to the end of everything we say, but that everything we do is to keep that reality in mind. As we plan, and we still can, we should do so with the awareness that we are not in control of the outcome.
• Finally, James warned, “As it is, you boast in your arrogance. All such boasting is evil” (James 4:16). To make any plan about one moment past this moment presumes we will be alive then, and why we need to make plans humbly. James was exposing the prideful hearts of those who were planning in a way that implied they controlled their own future. He did that by reminding them of the insignificant vapor we all are.

implications for today

You are valuable to God. He made you in His image, knows your name, and cares about every part of your life. But even with that great value, you are still a vapor. Your life is short, and every breath depends on Him. Remembering that should not make you feel small in a hopeless way, but it should keep you humble.

Since life is so brief, don’t live as if you are in control. Plans are good, but they must be made with the awareness that God may change them at any time. Living humbly means submitting those plans to Him and being content with whatever He allows. It means holding your time, goals, and possessions loosely, knowing that they are temporary. Every decision, even ordinary ones, becomes an opportunity to honor the Lord. When you see yourself as someone entirely dependent on God, you will live with gratitude and will be in a good position to make the most of the short life He has given you.