Is it okay for Christians to celebrate Communion outside of church?

TL;DR:

Christians can celebrate Communion outside a church building as long as they truly gather as the body of Christ, maintaining reverence, unity, and mutual accountability. Communion should never be a casual or private act; each observance proclaims Jesus’ death, affirms fellowship, and points forward to His return.

what does the bible say?

Communion was instituted by Jesus to be observed when His followers gathered as a church body (Matthew 26:26-29; Mark 14:22-25; Luke 22:14-20). Paul repeatedly tied the practice to the assembled congregation, correcting the Corinthians for their misuse of the meal when gathering together (1 Corinthians 11:17-22). He reminded them that Communion proclaims Christ’s death, displays the unity of His people, and looks ahead to the day when Jesus will share it with all believers (1 Corinthians 11:18, 26, 33; Matthew 26:29).

Communion, then, is not an individual act of devotion but a corporate expression of fellowship in Christ. It reminds believers that they are one body, joined by one Spirit, and redeemed by one Savior (1 Corinthians 10:16-17). For this reason, it was always practiced in the gathered church, never privately or without its oversight.

While the early church often met in homes, these gatherings were recognized as assemblies of the body of Christ, not informal meetings. The Lord’s Supper, therefore, belongs to the church’s shared worship and mutual accountability. In rare cases—such as sickness, persecution, or immobility—churches may extend Communion to absent members; however, even then, it remains an act of the gathered church, not an individual observance.

from the old testament

Communion is not addressed in the Old Testament, but it provides principles and patterns that help us think about celebrating it outside a formal church setting. Old Testament believers participated in sacred meals to remember God’s covenant and deliverance, such as the Passover (Exodus 12:1-28) or fellowship offerings (Leviticus 7:11-15). These meals were sometimes celebrated at home or in family/community settings.
God’s presence and the proper heart attitude are essential in worship and covenant acts (Exodus 20:24; Deuteronomy 12:5-14).

from the new testament

Jesus instituted Communion on the night He was betrayed, commanding His disciples to “do this in remembrance of Me” (Luke 22:19). It was given to the gathered body of believers to proclaim His death until He comes again (Luke 22:19-20; 1 Corinthians 11:26). The Lord’s Supper unites believers around the cross. It is a shared act of worship that expresses fellowship with Christ and with one another. By taking the bread and cup together, the church declares that all who partake belong to one redeemed family.
Paul’s repeated use of the phrase “when you come together” shows that Communion was tied to the formal gathering of the church (1 Corinthians 11:17-22, 33). He rebuked the Corinthians because their selfishness distorted the meaning of the meal, turning what should have been a symbol of unity into one of division. His correction assumes an assembled body under mutual accountability, not scattered or private observances. For Paul, Communion was central to the life of the church, and act belonging to the congregation, not individuals.
The early church’s practice reinforces this. Though many believers met in houses, these were genuine congregations, complete with teaching, prayer, leadership, and the ordinances (Acts 2:42-47; Romans 16:5). They were not informal gatherings but organized expressions of the church in each location. Each time Communion was observed, it was done under the recognition and authority of the local body.
Jesus did not give Communion just to remember His death but also to look forward to participating in it with Him. He said, “I tell you I will not drink again of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom” (Matthew 26:29). This promise means that every time believers share Communion, they not only remember Christ’s death but also anticipate the day when the entire family of God will be gathered with Him. The meal points beyond local churches celebrating Communion to the future marriage supper of the Lamb, when all believers will gather together to celebrate it with Christ (Revelation 19:6-9). Each observance of Communion, therefore, looks back in gratitude, unites the church in the present, and looks forward with joy to the final celebration with Jesus in His kingdom.

implications for today

Communion is a gift Jesus gave to His church as a tangible expression of their unity in Him. When believers share the bread and the cup, they publicly affirm that they belong to Christ and to one another. This shared confession of faith and gratitude reminds the congregation that they are one body joined by the same salvation and sustained by the same Lord.

Because Communion represents the church’s unity and purity, believers must approach it with reverence. To take it while continuing in unrepentant sin denies what the meal proclaims—that Christ’s death frees us from sin and calls us to holiness. Careful self-examination preserves both personal integrity and the church’s witness before the world.

The Lord’s Supper also points forward to the future. Jesus promised that He will one day celebrate this meal again with all His people in His Father’s kingdom. Each time the church gathers for Communion, it remembers His sacrifice, rejoices in present fellowship, and looks ahead to the day when that fellowship will be complete in His presence. In this way, Communion unites the church across time and place, allowing every local gathering to participate in the same hope and to proclaim together, “the Lord will return.”

understand

Communion is a corporate act for the gathered body of Christ.
Early church home gatherings were legitimate assemblies with accountability.
Communion proclaims Christ’s death, unites believers, and looks to His return.

reflect

How do you ensure your participation in Communion reflects reverence and unity with other believers?
How do you examine your heart and life before partaking in Communion?
How can you participate in Communion outside a church building while still honoring its corporate and sacred nature?

engage

How can the church ensure congregants view Communion as being part of the larger body of Christ?
How can we make sure Communion remains a reverent and unifying act, even outside a formal church setting?
How does the practice of Communion point us toward the future hope of Christ’s return, and how can we keep that perspective during each observance?