Is Satan in hell?

from the old testament

• In Job 1:6–12 and 2:1–7, Satan appears before God with the other "sons of God" (heavenly beings) and challenges Job's faithfulness, leading to the series of tests Job endures. Satan is portrayed as an accuser and tempter, but his specific location is not detailed beyond his presence before God in the heavenly court.
• Zechariah 3:1–2 depicts Satan standing at the right hand of Joshua the high priest to accuse him. Again, this takes place in a heavenly vision, with Satan opposing God’s work.
• Satan incites David to take a census of Israel, an act that leads to judgment. The passage indicates Satan's influence on human actions but does not specify a physical location (1 Chronicles 21:1).
• Isaiah 14:12–15 is often interpreted as a reference to Satan's fall. These verses describe the fall of "Lucifer, son of the morning" (Isaiah 14:12, KJV), who sought to ascend to the heavens and be like God but was cast down to the earth and to Sheol (the realm of the dead). Although this passage primarily addresses the king of Babylon, many see a dual reference to Satan's pride and fall. Despite being cast out of heaven, Satan still has access to it and to God.
• Ezekiel 28:12–17 speaks of the king of Tyre, but it is commonly seen as a parallel to Satan's fall. It describes a being of great beauty and perfection who was in Eden, the garden of God, and was cast out because of pride and unrighteousness. The "guardian cherub" is expelled from the mountain of God, indicating a fall from a high position in the heavenly realm.

from the new testament

• Satan is currently roaming the earth, seeking to destroy people and keep them, believers and non-believers alike, from following Christ. Peter warned, "Be sober-minded; be watchful. Your adversary the devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour" (1 Peter 5:8).
• Satan lies and attempts to deceive people, by masquerading as good. As believers, we need to be on guard and aware of Satan's schemes for "even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light" (2 Corinthians 11:14). Satan pretends like he is on people's side when, really, he wants to destroy them (John 10:10). Jesus called Satan the "father of lies" (John 8:44).
• The apostle Paul describes Satan as: "the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that is now at work in the sons of disobedience" (Ephesians 2:2).
• Jesus referred to Satan as "the ruler of this world" (John 12:31–32; 14:30).
• In a vision of a war in heaven, Satan (the dragon) and his angels fight against Michael and his angels. Satan is defeated and cast down to earth (Revelation 12:7–9) This passage demonstrates that Satan's domain became the earth after his expulsion from heaven.
• Satan will be banished in the lake of fire for eternity when Jesus returns (Revelation 20:10).

implications for today

Satan may be the prince of darkness in this world, but God is sovereign over everything. Satan's days on this earth are numbered; the rightful King is coming. Jesus is the King of kings and the Lord of lords. When He returns and assumes His rightful place as King, Satan will be sent to hell once and for all (1 Timothy 6:14–16; Revelation 19:16). Revelation 20:10 prophecies, "the devil who had deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur where the beast and the false prophet were, and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever."

In light of Satan's limited power and God's ultimate sovereignty, we are called to live with confidence and hope, not in fear of the darkness that pervades the world. Knowing that Satan's days are numbered and that Jesus will return as the victorious King of kings and Lord of lords, we can anchor our lives in the assurance of God's unshakable kingdom. This truth empowers us to stand firm against sin and the world, trusting that God's purposes will prevail and that living for Him is where true joy is found (John 15:1–17). As we await Christ's return, we should live boldly in the light of His truth, aligning our actions with His will, and spreading His love and grace to those around us (1 Peter 1; 2 Peter 3:8–18). Our lives can be a testimony to the hope we have in the coming King who will ultimately defeat all evil and establish His perfect reign forever.