Who was Levi in the Bible?

from the old testament

• Levi was Leah's third son born to Jacob, who became the head of the tribe of Levites (Genesis 29:34).
• Levi got his name because Leah was the unloved wife of Jacob. With the birth of her third son, she hoped her husband would finally love her. Therefore, she named her son Levi, which sounds similar to the Hebrew word for “attached” (Genesis 29:34). However, Jacob continued to give his love and attention to his other wife, Rachel. Perhaps this disappointment played into the character trait Levi is most remembered for: anger.
• Levi, along with his next oldest brother, Simeon, became known for his fierce wrath and cruel fury. When their sister, Dinah, was sexually violated by Shechem, Levi and Simeon took justice into their own hands. They tricked the men of the city into undergoing the rite of circumcision, God's covenant sign with Abraham, before they would give Dinah as a wife and join the peoples together (Genesis 34:1–24). However, three days after the men of the city had been circumcised, Levi and Simeon "took their swords and came against the city while it felt secure and killed all the males" (Genesis 34:25). Jacob worried, "You have brought trouble on me by making me stink to the inhabitants of the land… if they gather themselves against me and attack me, I shall be destroyed" (Genesis 34:30). However, when God told Jacob to move his family to Bethel, "a terror from God fell upon the cities that were around them, so that they did not pursue the sons of Jacob" (Genesis 35:5). Thus, Levi's bloody revenge did not result in disaster for the family.
• Once settled back in Canaan, Jacob's sons, including Levi, "conspired against [their younger brother Joseph] to kill him" (Genesis 37:18). Joseph was Rachel's first son and was Jacob's favorite son. Instead of killing him, the brothers decided to sell him for twenty shekels of silver to Midianite traders on their way to Egypt (Genesis 37:28). By God's grace, Joseph eventually rose to power in Egypt and stored up grain ahead of a famine. When Jacob and his sons were in need, Levi and his brothers traveled to Egypt to buy grain, not knowing Joseph was the one with whom they were dealing. Eventually, Joseph revealed himself to his brothers, and they all reconciled. Jacob and his entire family, including Levi, resettled in Egypt (Genesis 39—50).
• Jacob's sons eventually became the heads of the twelve tribes of Israel, Levi being the patriarch of the Levites. He had three sons: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari (Genesis 46:11).
• When Jacob was on his death bed, he pronounced blessings and prophecies over each of his sons. Over Simeon and Levi, he said, "Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce, and their wrath, for it is cruel! I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel" (Genesis 49:7). This prophecy came true but not necessarily as the curse it was intended to be. In Deuteronomy 10:8–9, "The LORD set apart the tribe of Levi… Therefore Levi has no portion or inheritance with his brothers. The LORD is his inheritance." Instead of their own plot of land, the Levites were given cities from each of the different tribes' land. In these cities, they would act as priests between God and each tribe, and they would act as judges, settling disputes (Deuteronomy 21:5). The Levites were scattered throughout Israel just as Jacob had predicted.
• When Moses found the Israelites worshiping the golden calf in Exodus 32, he called, "'Who is on the LORD'S side? Come to me.' And all the sons of Levi gathered around him" (Exodus 32:26). God instructed these people to kill their brethren who had turned away from God. Three thousand Israelites died that day (Exodus 32:27–28). Moses explained, "Today you have been ordained for the service of the LORD, each one at the cost of his son and of his brother, so that he might bestow a blessing upon you this day" (Exodus 32:29). The family trait of violent anger was harnessed as zeal for the LORD.
• Levi's name is referenced symbolically in Malachi 2:4–6, specifically alluding to one of his descendants, Phinehas (Numbers 25:10–13), and Levi would probably prefer to be remembered by this legacy: "So shall you know that I have sent this command to you, that my covenant with Levi may stand, says the LORD of hosts. My covenant with him was one of life and peace, and I gave them to him. It was a covenant of fear, and he feared me. He stood in awe of my name. True instruction was in his mouth, and no wrong was found on his lips. He walked with me in peace and uprightness, and he turned many from iniquity."

from the new testament

• Levi, the tax collector, became one of Jesus's twelve disciples and is better known as Matthew (Matthew 9:9; Luke 5:27).

implications for today

Levi's journey from anger and vengeance to dedicated service to God offers a powerful lesson on living zealously for the Lord. Despite his initial actions driven by fury, Levi's descendants, the Levites, were set apart for sacred duties, demonstrating that even negative traits can be transformed and redirected for a divine purpose. When Moses called for those loyal to God, it was the Levites who rallied to his side, showing their fierce loyalty and commitment to upholding God's commandments (Exodus 32:26–29). Moses, Aaron, John the Baptist, Barnabas, and many others, were from the tribe of Levi. This teaches us that zeal for God involves channeling our passion and energy into righteous actions, standing firm in our faith, and serving God with wholehearted devotion. Like Levi and his descendants, we can allow God to harness our innate qualities, even those that are negative, and use them to fulfill His purposes, making our lives a testament to His transformative power.